Metric System

A Brief Guide To The Metric System

by Robert Kopp III (rkopp@cap.gwu.edu)
written 21 Jul 1994

This article is classified "Real"


The metric system is an easy to use system of measurements used in almost
every country on Earth.  It is based on three measurements, from which all
of the other measurements derived.  These measurements are: the meter, the
gram, and the degree Celsius.

Metric measurements frequently have prefixes.  These multiply the base unit
by a certain amount.  The more common prefixes are: kilo-, which makes the
unit 1,000 times larger; centi-, which makes it one-hundredth of its size;
and milli-, which makes it one-thousandth of its size.  For example, a
kilogram is 1,000 grams.

A meter is the metric unit of length.  It is approximately equal to one
ten-millionth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole.  It is
also approximately equal to one three-hundred-millionth of a light second.
A meter is equal to 3.3 feet, or 1.1 yards.  A centimeter is equal to 0.4
inches.  A kilometer is equal to 0.6 miles.

Metric area and volume is also based on the meter.  A square meter is the
basic unit of area, and a cubic meter is the basic measure of volume.  The
liter is a commonly used measure of volume, also.  A square meter is equal
to 11 square feet, and a cubic meter is equal to 35 cubic feet.  A liter is
equal to about 1 quart.  It is also equal to the volume of the soda in a
1-liter soda bottle.

The gram is the measure of mass in the metric system, although the kilogram
is more commonly used.  The gram, unlike the pound, is a measure of mass,
not of weight.  Weight will vary depending on the strength of gravity; mass
will not.  On Earth, a kilogram equals 2.2 pounds.

The Celsius scale is the metric measure of temperature.  0 degrees Celsius
is the freezing point of water, and 100 degrees is water's boiling point.
-273 degrees Celsius is 0 degrees Kelvin, or absolute zero.  The size of
the degrees on the Kelvin scale is the same as the size of the degrees on
the Celsius scale, although the starting points differ.  To convert Celsius
to Kelvin, subtract 273 degrees.  To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit,
multiply the Celsius measurement by 2.2 and subtract 32 degrees.

That's all there is to know about the metric system.  As you can see, it's
a much easier system than the customary system.

See also:
  • Light, Speed Of, Why It Is Finite
  • Absolute Zero
  • Weird Units Of Measure
  • Metric Prefixes
  • Celsius, Anders

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